Instruments
Abecedarian Reading Assessment
The Abecedarian Reading Assessment is a comprehensive test that covers the 6 essential domains for reading. The test consists of the decoding, vocabulary, phonological awareness, letter knowledge, phoneme awareness, and knowledge of the alphabetic principle subtests.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade
Academic Competence Evaluation Scales (ACES)
The Academic Competence Evaluation Scales (ACES) are questionnaires evaluating social, behavioral, and academic skills related to learning in school. Specifically, ACES measures academic skills in reading, language, mathematics, and critical thinking as well as academic enablers such as motivation, interpersonal skills, engagement, and study skills.
ACES has three versions: ACES-Teacher Form (ACES-TF), ACES-Student Form (ACES-SF), and ACES-College Form (ACES-CF). ACES-TF is for grades K-12 and consists of 73 items using a 5-point Likert scale. ACES-SF is for grades 6-12 and consists of 68 items. The ACES-CF is for students enrolled in colleges or technical schools and consists of 66 items.
As of 2022, ACES-2 is in the process of development and validation, see more details here.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts, Math
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade, Post secondary
Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI-2.1)
The Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI-2.1) is a 40-item self-reporting inventory that measures parental behaviors and is commonly used to assess the risk of child abuse and neglect. The AAPI-2.1 provides five subscales: expectations of children, parental empathy towards children's needs, use of corporal punishment, parent-child family roles, and children's power and independence. The instrument is offered in English, Spanish, Creole, and Arabic.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)
The Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) is a screening instrument that measures developmental performance in young children aged 1 month-5.5 years. Early childhood educators and healthcare professionals use ASQ to collect information from parents on children’s development in five domains: communication, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, problem solving, and personal-social skills.
The most recent version of ASQ as of 2022 is ASQ-3, the third edition of the instrument. ASQ-3 offers 21 parent/caregiver questionnaires that are used depending on the child's age.
Category: Student Well-Being
Sub-Category: Child Development
Grades: < 3 Years, Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten
aimswebPlus Reading
The aimswebPlus reading subtests screen and monitor the reading skills of PreK–12 students. aimswebPlus also has add-on screeners for behavior and dyslexia.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade
Alabama Parenting Questionnaire
The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire is a 42-item self-reporting instrument that focuses on positive involvement with children, supervision and monitoring, use of positive discipline techniques, consistency in the use of discipline, and corporal punishment use. The instrument, designed for parents with children 6-18 years of age, can be used for pre- and post-treatment and is offered in both English and Spanish.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Bader Reading and Language Inventory (BRLI)
The BADER Reading and Language Inventory was constructed for use by teachers of K–12 and adult students to determine students' literacy levels, plan instruction, and make referrals to appropriate specialists. Portions of this test can also be used for quick screening or initial placement for students.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade
Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID)
The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) measures the development of infants and young children (aged 16 days-42 months). Conducted by trained examiners, BSID includes several developmental play tasks to assess cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior development. BSID’s most recent fourth version was created in 2019.
Category: Student Well-Being
Sub-Category: Child Development
Grades: < 3 Years
BRIGANCE Inventory of Early Development (IED) III - ELA
The Inventory of Early Development III (IED III) is a comprehensive tool that contains over 100 assessments (including literacy assessments) that are aligned to state and national standards as well as IDEA requirements. The tool can be used to provide ongoing assessment, monitor progress, and write IEPs for students from birth to grade 8. The IED III offers both criterion-referenced and norm-referenced measures.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: < 3 Years, Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade
Caregiver Interaction Scale
The Caregiver Interaction Scale (CIS) is an instrument that measures parent and caregiver behaviors and interactions with children. The instrument consists of 26 items focused on sensitivity, harshness, detachment, and permissiveness. CIS was created in 1989 at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill’s Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute and used in the evaluation of North Carolina’s Smart Start Initiative.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
CARE-Index
The CARE-Index is an observation instrument that measures mother-child interaction and is designed for children ages birth to 2 years. The instrument, which requires a short videotaped play interaction, provides sensitivity, control and unresponsiveness subscales for mothers and cooperativeness, compulsivity, difficultness, and passivity subscales for children.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Child Caregiver Interaction Scale
The Child Caregiver Interaction Scale (CCIS), Revised Edition is an observation-based instrument created by Dr. Barbara Carl, Ph.D that assesses caregiver-child interaction. The 14 items are based upon the Developmentally Appropriate Practice position statements of the National Association for the Education of Young Children’s (NAEYC) and the National Health and Safety Performance Standards. The CCIS, which measures emotional, cognitive/physical, and social behaviors, is appropriate for children from birth to 5 years.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS)
The Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) is an instrument developed at University of Virginia’s Curry School of Education and Human Development that assesses parents’ views of their relationship with their child. Created by Dr. Robert Pianta, Ph.D., the instrument consists of 30 items. There is also a short form with 15 items available.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, Second Edition (CTOPP-2)
The Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing Second Edition (CTOPP-2) is an assessment that focuses on measuring the phonological processing abilities of students grades PreK-12. The CTOPP-2 contains several composites: phonological awareness, phonological memory, rapid symbolic naming, rapid non-symbolic naming, and alternate phonological awareness.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade
DIBELS (Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills) 8th Edition
The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) 8th Edition is an assessment that can be used for benchmark screening and monitoring growth of students in grades K-8.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade
Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS)
The Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS) is a system that assesses parent-child interactions. The instrument can be used to measure ongoing progress as well as pre- and post-treatment outcomes. The DPICS can be completed in under an hour without video equipment.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS)
The Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS) is an assessment of classroom quality measuring environmental provisions and teacher-child interactions affecting the developmental needs of preschool- and kindergarten-aged children. The third edition of the assessment, ECERS-3, includes 35 items focusing on the following six domains: space and furnishings, personal care routines, language and literacy, learning activities, interaction, and program structure. ECERS may be used to evaluate inclusive and culturally diverse educational settings.
Category: Student Well-Being
Sub-Category: Child Development
Grades: Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten
Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K:2011) Reading Assessments
The ECLS-K:2011 is a longitudinal study, with the same children followed from kindergarten through the fifth grade. The direct cognitive assessments were designed to measure children's knowledge and skills, as well as track their academic growth in different subject areas. Among these subjects included reading.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade
Early Reading Assessment (ERA)
The Early Reading Assessment (ERA) is an assessment for children in grades K-2 that helps educators identify students with delays in reading abilities. Teachers, special educators, speech pathologists, and school psychologists can administer the test. The ERA, which takes 10-15 minutes to complete, contains the written word vocabulary, rapid orthographic naming, and silent orthographic efficiency core subtests that combine to create the Early Reading Index.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade
Emotional Availability Scales
The Emotional Availability Scales (EA Scales) measures the quality of parent-child or adult-child interactions. Emotional availability refers to “the adult’s ‘receptive presence’ to the child’s emotional signals” (Biringen and Easterbrooks, 2012). Created by Dr. Zeynep Biringen, Ph.D., in 1987, the instrument is currently in its 4th edition. The EA Scales consist of both adult and child subscales and can be completed in approximately 20 minutes.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Family Empowerment Scale (FES)
The Family Empowerment Scale (FES) measures empowerment in families whose children have emotional disabilities. The 34 items of the FES questionnaire focus on the level of empowerment (with respect to the family, service system, and larger community and political environment) and the way empowerment is expressed (attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors).
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
FastBridge aReading
aReading, or Adaptive Reading, is an assessment that measures the reading skills of students grades K-12. The test can be used to screen and identify students at risk for academic delays, but is not meant for progress monitoring. aReading is computer adaptive and contains both multiple choice and open response questions.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade
FastBridge CBMreading
FastBridge CBMreading is an assessment that can be used for screening and monitoring the progress of students in grades 1-12. CBMreading is an index of word reading efficiency, and can be administered in one minute per assessment. The test can be used up to five times per year to screen students and is available in both English and Spanish.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade
FastBridge earlyReading
The earlyReading assessment is used to monitor the progress of and screen students in grades PreK-1 but can be administered to students up to grade 3. The earlyReading tool can be used up to five times per year to screen students, and is available in both English and Spanish.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade
Gates-MacGinitie Reading Tests, 4th Edition (GMRT-4)
GMRT-4 measures overall reading achievement spanning each important stage along the reading continuum—from oral language to mature reading comprehension. The underlying foundation of GMRT is that it is useful for teachers and schools to know the general level of reading achievement of individual students throughout their entire school careers.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade, Post secondary
Gray Oral Reading Test | Fifth Edition (GORT-5)
The GORT-5 is an individually administered assessment of oral reading sold by Pearson.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade, Post secondary
Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation (GRADE)
The GRADE (Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation) is a reading assessment for students from grade PreK to adult. For grades PreK-3, the diagnostic test measures reading skills that are consistent with the National Reading Panel and Reading First. The GRADE can be used with an RTI program to identify strengths and weaknesses and to track student growth.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade, Post secondary
Healthy Families Parenting Inventory (HFPI)
The Healthy Families Parenting Inventory (HFPI) is a self-reporting instrument that measures nine parenting domains: social support, problem-solving, depression, personal care, mobilizing resources, role satisfaction, parent/child interaction, home environment, and parenting efficacy. The instrument, which contains 63 items, is often used for assessing home visitation early childhood programs.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
HMH Reading Inventory
The HMH Reading Inventory, an adaptive test of reading comprehension developed by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH), consists of two subtests: the Foundational Reading Assessment and the Reading Comprehension Assessment.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade
Indicators of Individual Growth and Development for Infants and Toddlers (IGDI)
Indicators of Individual Growth and Development for Infants and Toddlers (IGDI) measure development outcomes for children between 6 and 42 months. IGDI assessments are evaluations of 6-minute play sessions with the child and require the use of a set of toys in addition to administration materials. IGDI assessments can be conducted live during the play session, based on a video recording of the play session, or by observing the play session virtually.
Category: Student Well-Being
Sub-Category: Child Development
Grades: < 3 Years, Pre-Kindergarten
Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale (ITERS)
The Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale (ITERS) measures the environmental quality of childcare programs for children up to 30 months old. The instrument was originally developed in 1990 and is now offered in a revised version (Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised, ITERS-R). The 39 items of ITERS-R focus on the following seven domains: space and furnishings, personal care routines, listening and talking, activities, interaction, program structure, and parents and staff. ITERS-R is suitable for inclusive and culturally diverse settings.
Category: Student Well-Being
Sub-Category: Child Development
Grades: < 3 Years
Iowa Assessments - ELA
The Iowa Assessments replaced the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS) and Iowa Test of Educational Development (ITED) in 2011-2012 to align with the Iowa Common Core Standards. The assessment can be administered to students in grades K-12 and can be used for monitoring student growth, making relative comparisons, predicting future performance, and identifying students who may need intervention. The Iowa Assessments measure students' abilities in reading, language, mathematics, social studies, and science.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade
i-Ready - ELA
i-Ready is a system that provides assessments to identify strengths and weaknesses of students in grades K-8. i-Ready offers a Diagnostic test that adapts to student responses and measures skills that fall below and above the student's grade level. The Standards Mastery test assesses grade level standards and helps educators measure and monitor growth for each student.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade
ISIP Reading
ISIP is a computer administered assessment of reading ability. ISIP Early Reading is inteded for use with children in grades K-3 and can be administered to an entire classroom in a 30 minute time frame. ISIP Advanced Reading is meant to be used with students grades 4-8 and can also be administered to an entire class in a 30 miniute time frame.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade
Keys to Interactive Parenting Scale (KIPS)
The Keys to Interactive Parenting Scale (KIPS) is an observation-based instrument that assesses parent-child interaction during play. The instrument has been rated “A-Reliability and Validity Demonstrated” by California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse and recommended by Parents As Teachers, Healthy Families America, SafeCare, and WAVE Trust & Department for Education, United Kingdom. The observation portion of KIPS, which helps measure 12 key parenting behaviors, can be completed in 15 minutes, while scoring takes approximately 20 minutes.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI)
The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) is a parent-focused instrument measuring the communicative development of children aged 8-37 months. CDI allows professionals to screen and develop prognoses for language delays by tapping into parents’ knowledge of their children’s language skills, starting from early comprehension to early vocabulary and grammar expansion.
Category: Student Well-Being
Sub-Category: Child Development
Grades: < 3 Years
Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) Growth - Reading
MAP Growth is a comprehensive assessment that focuses on tracking the growth of students in grades K-12 through the school year. The computer adaptive assessment is aligned with the Common Core State Standards generates a personalized assessment to measure student growth.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade
Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) Reading Fluency
MAP Reading Fluency is an assessment for students in grades K-5 that tests their reading fluency, comprehension, and foundational skills.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade
Parent Behavior Checklist
The Parent Behavior Checklist (PBC) is a self-reporting instrument designed for parents with children 1-4 years years old. The instrument, which only takes 10-20 minutes to complete, provides expectations, nurturing, and discipline subscales.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Parent Education Profile (PEP)
The Parent Education Profile (PEP) is a 75-item observation instrument that measures 15 subdomains. The instrument, which is designed for children from birth to 8 years old, measures parents' behavior related to children's literacy skills. The PEP is available in both English and Spanish.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Parent Reading Belief Inventory (PRBI)
The Parent Reading Belief Inventory (PRBI) is a self-reporting instrument that assess parents' beliefs about the frequency, quality, and importance of their child's literacy activities. The 42-item instrument provides seven subscales: positive affect, verbal participation, resources, teaching efficacy, knowledge base, environmental input, and reading instruction.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Parent Success Indicator (PSI)
The Parent Success Indicator (PSI) is a self-reporting instrument that assess parental behavior, specifically related to communication, use of time, teaching, frustration, satisfaction, and information needs. The PSI is designed for parents with children 10-14 years of age and offers a child survey as well. English and Spanish versions of the instrument are available.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI)
The Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) is an instrument for parents to assess their relationship with their children. The instrument, which contains 78 items, has been standardized on over 1,100 parents in the United States. The PCRI can be completed in 15 to 20 minutes.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Parent-Infant Relational Assessment Tool (PIRAT)
The Parent-Infant Relational Assessment Tool (PIRAT) is an observation instrument that rates parent-child interactions for children ages birth to 2 years. The PIRAT measures optimal parental behavior and can be used as a risk assessment by health professionals. The instrument was developed as part of the Parent-Infant Project at the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes
The Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO™) is an observation instrument that covers four parenting behavior domains: affection, responsiveness, encouragement, and teaching. The instrument is designed for children from 10 months to 4 years old and is available in both English and Spanish.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC)
The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) is a self-reporting instrument that measures and assesses parent self-efficacy. The instrument, designed for parents with children birth-17 years of age, was originally developed by Gibaud-Wallston and Wandersman (1978) with skill knowledge and value competence subscales but has been translated and revised by Johnston and Marsh (1989) for use with older children.
Category: Home and Community
Sub-Category: Parenting
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test | Fifth Edition (PPVT-5)
The PPVT-5 is an individually administered measure of receptive vocabulary based on words in Standard American English sold by Pearson.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade, 10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade, Post secondary
Phonological and Print Awareness Scale (PPA Scale)
The PPA scale is an individually administered assessment of phonological and print awareness. The examiner reads items from an easel stimulus book, and the examinee provides nonverbal responses.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade
Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening (PALS)
The Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening (PALS) is a tool that focuses on fundamental literacy skills. The assessment offers instruments for PreK-3, with a Spanish version available as well. PALS is the state-provided screening assessment for Virginia's Early Intervention Reading Initiative (EIRI). PALS Plus can be used for grades 4-8.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade
Predictive Assessment of Reading (PAR)
The Predictive Assessment of Reading (PAR) can be used to measure a student's reading level, identify skills in need of intervention, monitor progress, and predict future reading achievement. The assessment contains four reading subtests that can be administered to special needs, gifted, ELL students, and developing students in grades PreK-3.
Category: Academic Knowledge and Skills
Sub-Category: English Language Arts
Grades: Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade